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George Washington Plunkitt once dismissed municipal reformers as "morning glories" who "looked lovely in the mornin' and withered up in a short time, while the regular machines went on

This study of the emergence of machine politics in New York City during the antebellum years sheds light on the origins of a system that was the characteristic form of government in United States cities from the mid-nineteenth until well into the twentieth century. In contrast to previous explanations that have found the origins of machine politics in immigrant culture and ethnic conflict, Professor Bridges shows that central elements of the system long predated a significant immigrant presence. Her analysis focuses on two large-scale transformations in the American political economy that occurred during these years: industrialization, which reorganized the social order and provoked conflict and change; and the extension of the franchise through the abolition of property barriers, which necessitated the incorporation of 'the many' into political life. It was this unique combination of circumstances, the author argues, that provided the context for the development of machine politics.

Provides a history of the creation and revision of Western state constitutions from the antebellum period to the Progressive Era.

Describes and illustrates how a street sweeper is operated.

Describes and illustrates the job of a fire fighter and how a fire engine works.

Describes and illustrates how a freight train is operated.

Describes the things a tractor can be used for, how they are successfully driven on main roads and streets, and how drivers keep tractors from breaking down.

Examines city politics and policy, federalism, and democracy in the United States.

Examines city politics and policy, federalism, and democracy in the United States.

Richly illustrated and narrated with touches of irreverent humor, The Thinking Girl's Treasury of Real Princesses tells the tales of real princesses who did what few thought possible. This book, Sorg

Richly illustrated and narrated with touches of irreverent humor, The Thinking Girl's Treasury of Real Princesses tells the tales of real princesses who did what few thought possible. This book, Qutl

Richly illustrated and narrated with touches of irreverent humor, The Thinking Girl's Treasury of Real Princesses tells the tales of real princesses who did what few thought possible. This book, Isab

Richly illustrated and narrated with touches of irreverent humor, The Thinking Girl's Treasury of Real Princesses tells the tales of real princesses who did what few thought possible. This book, Nur