如何促進主動學習與合作學習（簡體書）

Introduction
I） During Lectures Ask the Class Questions to Arouse Curiosity
2） Use Study Questions
3） Give a Five-Minute Quiz at the Start of Each Class
4） Use Charts
5） Teach the Principles of Critical Thinking Along with the Subject Matter
6） Get Students to Know Each Other
7） Put Students' Names on Index Cards and Call on All Students， Not Just Volunteers
8） Promote Independent Thinking
9） Promote Careful Listening
I0） Speak Less So That Students Think More
11） Be a Model
12） Use Socratic Questioning
13） Promote Collaboration
14） Try Pyramid Teaching
15） Have Students Do Pre-writing
16） Give Written Assignments That Require Independent Thought
17） Have Students Evaluate Each Other's Work
18） Use Learning Logs
19） Organize Debates
20） Have Students Write Constructive Dialogues
21） Have Students Explain Their Current Assignment and Its Purpose
22） Promote Student Direction
23） Have Students Document Their Progress
24） Break Projects Down
25） Promote Discovery
26） Promote Self-Assessment
27） Teach for Usefulness
Summary

《如何促進主動學習與合作學習（英文版）》：
8) Promote lndependent Thinking.
Present students with a problem that requires some independent thinking and has several possible solutions. Have the students write their solutions on a piece of paper. Then divide the class up into groups of three or four, and have them share their answers with their group. Afterwards have each group use the best ideas of each person and have them choose one person to communicate their integrated solution to the class as a whole. In this way all students become active in: 1) figuring out a solution to the problem, 2) communicating their solution to others, 3) obtainLng feedback from others, 4) arriving at a more adequate solution to the problem, and 5) occasionally speaking in front of the whole class, thus giving them practice in public speaking.
9) Promote Careful Listening.
Frequently call on students to summarize in their own words what another student has said. This encourages students to actively listen to each other. It helps them realize that they can learn from each other. This serves to lessen their dependence on the teacher for everything. Hearing another student's comments and questions can be quite instructional. Becoming aware ofanother student's mistakes or misunderstandings and hearing another student correct them also contributes to a clearer understanding. Students who tune out their peers miss these clarifications. Therefore, you should encourage students to consistently and carefully listen to each other in class, One way of doing this is to frequently ask students to repeat what another student just said. That will keep them alert!
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