翻譯適應變異論（簡體書）

本書是一部翻譯理論的學術專著。作者基於fVerschueren的語用縱觀論和語言順應論構建了“翻譯適用變異論”的理論框架，用以解釋翻譯過程中普遍存在的翻譯變異現象。“橘生淮南則為橘，生於淮北則為枳……所以然者何？水土異也。”晏嬰一語道破了翻譯適應變異論的基本思路和個中道理。翻譯適應變異論認為，翻譯變異是翻譯中普遍存在的現象。任何翻譯必然涉及翻譯變異，可以說，沒有變異就沒有翻譯。翻譯變異貫穿翻譯活動始終。翻譯變異是為了適應變化了的翻譯語境，因此，翻譯適應性是翻譯變異性的動因，翻譯變異是翻譯中不可避免的創造性策略。在翻譯過程中只有通過變異性處理，才能使翻譯在異域語境中達到成功交際的目的，翻譯變異性也造就了翻譯產品的多樣性。翻譯適應變異論提出了三個指導性的翻譯原則，即適應性原則、條件性原則和變異性原則。

馬蕭，博士、教授、博士生導師。2002-2005年于廣東外語外貿大學攻讀外國語言學及應用語言學博士，師從著名語言學家何自然教授，獲博士學位。2000年晉升為副教授，2006年晉升為教授，2011年遴選為博士生導師。2010-2011年，獲國家留學基金委資助于英國曼徹斯特大學語言、語言學及文化學院翻譯與跨文化研究中心從事學術訪問一年，師從著名翻譯理論家MonaBaker教授。現任武漢大學外國語言文學學院翻譯系主任，武漢大學編譯中心副主任，武漢大學翻譯與比較文化研究中心副主任，武漢大學MTI教育中心副主任，國際翻譯研究協會會員，國際語用學會會員，中國語用學研究會常務理事，湖北省翻譯協會副秘書長，國家社科基金項目評審專家，教育部社科項目評審專家，《語用學研究》雜志編委。主要研究興趣為翻譯學、語用學、跨文化交際和英漢對比研究。出版編、譯、著十余部，發表學術論文三十余篇。

《青年學者文庫:翻譯適應變異論》由武漢大學出版社出版。

Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Preview
1.2 Object of the research
1.3 Rationale of the research
1.4 Problems with the existing translation studies
1.5 Objectives of the research
1.6 Key research questions and hypotheses
1.7 Research methodology
1. 8 Significance of the research
1.9 Structure of the research
Chapter 2 Review of the Relevant Literature
2. 1 Introduction
2.2 A meta-theoretical thinking of translation studies
2. 2. 1 Different focuses of investigation
2. 2. 2 Problems of translation, studies
2. 2. 3 Problems with research methodology
2. 2. 4 Some taken for-granted facts in translation studies
2. 3 Studies related to translational variations
2.3.1 Translation shift
2. 3. 2 The variational approach
2. 3. 3 Huang's study on special variations in translation
2. 3. 4 Hu's adaptation and selection approach
2.4 Summary
Chapter 3 A Description of Adaptation-Theoretic Framework
3. 1 Introduction
3. 2 Introduction to adaptation theory
3. 2. 1 Pragmatics as a general functional perspective
3. 2. 2 Theory of linguistic adaptation
3. 2. 3 Four angles of investigation
3. 2. 4 Three properties of language
3. 3 An adaptation-theoretic approach to translation as adaptive variation
3. 3. 1 Contextual correlates in translational context
3. 3. 2 Translation as translator-centered
3. 3. 3 Language properties as prerequisites for translation operation
3. 3. 4 Translating as dynamic processes of making choices
3. 3. 5 Salience as cognitive filter
3. 3. 6 Translation as realization of adaptation
3. 3. 7 Translational variation as the result of adaptation
3.4 Summary
Chapter 4 Salience as a Cognitive Filter
4. 1 Introduction
4. 2 The Cognitive nature of salience
4.2.1 The notion of salience
4.2.2 Degree of salience
4.2.3 Dynamics of salience
4.3 Salience of the ST features
4.4 Salience of the TT norms
4.5 Salience of sociocultural context
4.6 Salience to the translator
4.7 Salience as a cognitive filter
4.8 Summary
Chapter 5 Adaptability of Translation
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Linguistic adaptability
5.3 Translational adaptability
5.3.1 Terminological problem and ambiguity
5.3.2 Redefining adaptation or adaptabdity
5.4 Bidirectionality of adaption
5.5 Obligatory adaptation
5.5.1 Adaptation to the rules of phonological patterns
5.5.2 Adaptation to the rules of syntactical structure
5.5.3 Adaptation to the rules of textual organization
5.6 Optional adaptation
5.6.1 Interpersonal adaptability
5.6.2 Intertextual adaptability
5.6.3 Sociocultural adaptability
5.7 Summary
Chapter 6 Variability of Translation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Linguistic variability
6.3 Translational variability
6.4 Possibilities of translational variation
6.4.1 Variability of Linguistic forms
6.4.2 Variability of semantic content
6.4.3 Variability of pragmatic function
6.4.4 Variability of text type and text function
6.5 Variation as dynamic processes of choice making
6.5.1 Dynamic choice making of ST interpretation
6.5.2 Dynamic choice making of TT production
6.6 Variation as Translation Strategy
6.7 Variation as Translational Creativity
6.8 Translational products as a continuum of variations
6.9 Summary
Chapter 7 Translation as Adapave Variation: A Unified Account
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Translation as adaptive variation
7.3 Principles of translation
7.3.1 Adaptation principle
7.3.2 Conditioning principle
7.3.3 Variational principle
7.4 A Unified account of translation
7.4.1 ST as source of information for translation
7.4.2 TT as communicative text in target culture
7.4.3 Paradoxes and disputes revisited
7.4.4 Translatability reconsidered
7.5 Summary
……
Chapter 8 Conclusion
Bibliography

2.2.3 Problems with research methodology
2. 2. 3. 1 Multidisciplinary problem
In modern translation studies, scholars and theorists have beenstruggling for more enlightening and illuminating ideas about translation.They have attempted to apply the achievements of other disciplines to TS, such as literary theory, linguistics, sociolinguistics, semiotics,pragmatics, cognitive science, communication theory, informationtheory, anthropology, and philosophy. These studies are obviouslymore systematic and scientific to some extent within their own domain,but they usually investigate translation from their own vantages ofperspective, which can only contribute to some aspects of TS, and thelack of comprehensive, holistic, and coherent studies is alsoapparent. Anyway, those explicit inspirations as well as the flaws of theprevious studies provide us with useful resources for this presentresearch. The problem is how to integrate them into a harmoniousapproach. On the one hand, we have no reason to reject those rivaltheories, or on the other hand, to casually incorporate some potentiallyuseful notions into overextended versions of others on the other.
TS by its nature is multi-disciplinary. As we know, translation isthe most complex event of the cosmos. Naturally, it is not only a concern of one particular discipline, but concerns of many disciplines.The multidisciplinary nature of TS seems to be universally acknowledged,Wilss （1982: 65） realizes that"translation cannot be termed a purely'linguistic operation' ... but rather must be thought of as apsycholinguistic, sociolinguistic and pragmalinguistic'process..." DeWaard and Nida （1986: 185） also express the same idea as "it（translation） is an activity which may be systematically described andrelated meaningfully to various disciplines. ...it is built upon a numberof scientific disciplines, including psychology, linguistics, communicationtheory, anthropology, and semiotics. "
The boom of multi-disciplinary studies which are insightful andinspiring to some extent has paved the way for a comprehensive study ontranslation. Now it is time to integrate the enormous amount of tentativestudies from the perspectives of different disciplines. Though the multi-disciplinary studies of translation are actually helpful in the thoroughunderstanding of some aspects of translating from different angles （方夢之, 1996）, each of these studies looks at the same problems from itsown perspective, and its conclusion can only reflect one part of thewhole translation event. An obvious flaw of these studies lies in the factthat each of them has its own emphasis and viewpoints and contributesless to a holistic study.