Collaborative Regional Development in Northeast Asia：Towards a Sustainable Regional and Sub-regional Future

Against the background of accelerating globalization and growing economic interdependence in Northeast Asia over the past two decades, including the recent global economic crisis, this book sets out to examine the status and prospect of cross-border cooperation. It has synthesized diverse strands of discussion and different country perspectives to highlight the challenges and opportunities of collaborative regional development in Northeast Asia. Distinct from previous studies, this book attempts to capture international, national, and local viewpoints in regional development. Practical experience across countries has been analyzed and consolidated to form the basis of a policy agenda for cross-border cooperation.

Combining an intimate knowledge of the region and different disciplinary perspectives, this book offers a wealth of information, statistical and illustrative materials, and analyses across topics and countries of the region. Editors include Won Bae Kim, Research Advisor of the Gyeonggi Research Institute and former Senior Fellow at the Korean Research Institute for Human Settlements, Yue-man Yeung, Emeritus Professor of Geography and Honorary Fellow of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Sang- Chuel Choe, former Chairman of the Presidential Committee on Regional Development in South Korea and Professor Emeritus of Seoul National University.

Preface
This volume is the culmination of an international conference organized
by South Korea’s PCRD (Presidential Committee on Regional Development)
in July 2010. The idea of organizing a conference was suggested
in late 2009 by Sang-Chuel Choe, then Chairman of the PCRD, when the
government of Korea was considering reshaping its regional policy in
accordance with changes in the global and regional economic landscape.
The deepening of globalization and increasing economic interdependence
in Northeast Asia made it necessary to examine the status of and prospects
for cross-border cooperation. Another purpose in the conception stage
of the conference was to identify a policy agenda and practical measures
to enhance cross-border linkages and cooperation. Under the leadership
of the PCRD and with generous support from South Korea’s Ministry of
Land, Transportation, and Maritime Affairs, and Ministry of Knowledge
Economy, the conference was held on the beautiful island of Jeju on 7–9
July 2010.
During the three-day conference, twenty-three papers were presented
and commented upon by thirty-one discussants representing the countries
of China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea. Two distinguished experts on
Northeast Asia, Gilbert Rozman from Princeton University and Choong
Young Ahn from Choong-Ang University, delivered keynote speeches. In
his opening remarks, the chairman of the conference, Sang-Chuel Choe,
emphasized the need for dialogue and collaboration on territorial policies
at the national level to help develop an integrated economic community
in Northeast Asia. He proposed going beyond the past and moving into a
xii Preface
common future so that our next generation will not be hostages to history,
territorial disputes, and narrow-minded nationalism.
The Jeju conference had three major features that distinguished it
from previous conferences. The first is that it synthesized diverse strands
of discussions on cross-border cooperation over the past two decades. The
second is that it attempted to capture international, national, and local perspectives
by bringing in international experts as well as scholars, researchers,
and government officials at the national and local levels. The third
feature is that it pulled together practical ideas to offer a concrete basis for
cross-border cooperation. Reflecting on these features, Part I of this book
deals with regional perspectives covering the issues of economic integration,
spatial planning, migration, transportation and logistics, and intercity
linkages. Part II provides diverse perspectives on the sub-regions of
Northeast Asia, including the China-Russian border, the Pan Yellow Sea,
and the Busan-Fukuoka Trans-strait Zone. The third part discusses institution
building for the better governance of cross-border regions, which are
the least developed regions in Northeast Asia for geopolitical reasons.
Many research institutions and academic societies in South Korea
have been involved in organizing the conference. Invaluable support and
assistance was provided by the Korea Institute for the Advancement of
Technology and the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements.
The following institutes provided support and organized sub-regional sections:
Seoul Development Institute, Busan Development Institute, Daegu-
Gyeongbuk Institute, Incheon Development Institute, Gwangju Development
Institute, Daejeon Development Institute, Ulsan Development
Institute, Gyeonggi Research Institute, Gangwon Development Institute,
Chungbuk Development Institute, Chungnam Development Institute,
Jeonbuk Development Institute, Jeonnam Development Institute, Gyeongnam
Development Institute, and Jeju Development Institute.
Special thanks must go to the staff of the organizing committee for
the 2010 PCRD conference, namely Jeung Ho Moon, Se Hoon Park,
Mee-Kyung Song, and Kyoung-sun Hong, who provided indispensible
services for the conference as well as for the production of this volume.
The members of the organizing committee are acknowledged for their assistance
from the inception to the completion of the conference. They are:
Seunghee Han, Kyeong Soo Kim, Young Sam Kim, Yong Keun Kim, Il
Pyoung Kim, Jong ho Kim, Sang Woo Park, Yang Ho Park, Duk Sang
Yoo, Seoung Hee Jwa, Dong Man Ha, and Gyo Uk Song. The staff of
the Chinese University Press were at their cooperative best, lending their
Preface xiii
support to the publication of this book within a relatively short period of
time. A co-editor of this book, Yue-man Yeung, deserves special mention
for his meticulous work in editing the entire volume. Finally, Yue-man
Yeung and I are indebted to all of the authors, who not only presented
their papers at the conference but also spent their precious time in revision.
Their intimate knowledge and views on cross-border cooperation in
Northeast Asia make this volume a valuable contribution to the future of
collaborative regional development in Northeast Asia.
Won Bae Kim
March 2011

Contents
List of Figures and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xi
Abbreviations and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
1. Introduction: Challenges and Prospects of
Cross-border Cooperation in Northeast Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Yue-man Yeung and Sang-Chuel Choe
Part I Regional Perspectives
2. Trans-border Regional Development and Community Building . . . 23
Choong Yong Ahn
3. Mechanisms of Economic Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Pavel Minakir
4. Spatial Policies in the Northeast Asian Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Sang-jun Lee and Won Bae Kim
5. Cross-border Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Tsuneo Akaha
6. Evolving Transport and Logistics Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Peter J. Rimmer
7. Business and Travel Linkages among the World Cities . . . . . . . . 151
Hiroo Ichikawa and Yasuyuki Miwa
vi Contents
Part II Sub-regional Perspectives
8. Sub-regional Development and Community Building . . . . . . . . . . 179
Gilbert Rozman
9. Sino-Russian Cross-border Cooperation with a
Focus on Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Xianping Zhu
10. The Pan-Yellow Sea Sub-region: Chinese Perspectives . . . . . . . . 217
Xiangming Chen and Chang Liu
11. The Pan-Yellow Sea Sub-region: Korean Perspectives . . . . . . . . . 245
Eun Kyung Kim
12. North Korea’s Cross-border Cooperation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Mitsuhiro Mimura
13. The Busan-Fukuoka Trans-Strait Zone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Sung-Keun Keum
Part III Governance of Cross-border Regions
14. The Pearl River Delta: Governance Issues and Implications . . . . . 309
Yue-man Yeung
15. Institutional Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
Kee-Ho Yang and Se Hoon Park
16. Conclusions: Towards a Sustainable Regional
and Sub-regional Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Won Bae Kim and Sang-Chuel Choe
Editors and Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369