When Gen. Robert E. Lee fled from Petersburg and Richmond, Virginia, in April 1865, many observers did not realize that the Civil War had reached its nadir. A large number of Confederates, from Jeffer
Weapons improved rapidly after the Civil War, raising difficult questions about the battle tactics employed by the United States Army. The most fundamental problem was the dominance of the tactical de
Early September 1862 . . . Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia crosses the Potomac River and invades the North for the first time during the Civil War. Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army
“In the first twenty-seven months of combat 175,000 Southern soldiers died. This number was more than the entire Confederate military force in the summer of 1861, and it far exceeded the strength of a
