標準日語完全掌握：初級語法篇（簡體書）

本書是針對初級日語學習者，特別是《新版中日交流標準日本語 初級(第二版)》的學習者編寫而成的一本歸納總結性質的語法書。書中包含《標日初級》上下兩冊出現的231個語法知識點，並按接續、含義、詞類劃分為三章，有助於讀者理清初級語法的脈絡。本書語法講解清晰細緻，幫助讀者深層次理解、掌握語法知識點。另外，本書配有章節鞏固習題與N4、N5語法模擬題，並附有詳細的中文解析，方便讀者鞏固提高。

日語初學者在入門階段能否形成規範化、系統化的語法框架，對之後的進一步學習有重要影響。為了幫助日語初級學習者打下一個堅實的語法基礎，我們以《新版中日交流標準日本語 初級(第二版)》上下兩冊的語法知識點為素材，編寫了這本日語初級語法書。
我們將所有標日初級語法知識點按接續、含義、詞類劃分為三個部分。其中，語法知識點標注了含義、接續、用法、例句、注意、補充等內容，並有1000多個實用例句，清晰講解語法知識點及其用法。全書包含435道章節鞏固習題，還有4套N4、N5語法部分模擬題，考點貼近實戰，同時附有中文解析，方便讀者鞏固提升。衷心希望本書能夠幫助讀者建立日語語法框架，提高語法水平。

第一章 按接續分類語法
第一節 語法概述·································2
敬體形
1.名詞謂語形式的敬體形·····························3
2.動詞謂語形式的敬體形·····························3
3.一類形容詞謂語形式的敬體形··························3
4.二類形容詞謂語形式的=敬體形·· ························4
簡體形
1.名詞謂語形式的簡體形······························5
2.動詞謂語形式的簡體形·····························5
3.一類形容詞謂語形式的簡體形··························5
4.二類形容詞謂語形式的簡體形··························6
第二節 名詞相關語法·······························7
1.～は～です／だ 【第1課，第22課】·······················7
2.～は～ではありません／ではない 【第1課，第22課】···············7
3.～は～でした／だった 【第10課，第22課】················ ···7
4.～は～ではありませんでした／ではなかった 【第10課，第22課】··········8
5.～は～ですか 【第1課】·····························8
6.～は～ですか、～ですか 【第3課】························9
7.名1+で+名2 【第16課】·····························9
8.～は～名(場所)です 【第3課】·························10
9.～に～があります／います 【第4課】·······················10
10.今～時～分です 【第5課】····························10
11.名(時間)に+動 【第5課】···························11
12.名(時間)+動 【第13課】·····························11
13.名(時間)に+名(次數)+動 【第13課】······················11
14.名(數量)+動 【第13課】····························12
鞏固練習(一)································ ·12
第三節.一類形容詞相關語法·····························14
1.～は～です／～は～ 【第9課，第22課】······················14
2.～くないです／～くない 【第9課，第22課】····················14
3.～かったです／～かった 【第9課，第22課】····················14
4.～くなかったです／～くなかった 【第9課，第22課】················15
5.一類形+名 【第9課】································15
6.一類形+動 【第31課】·······························16
7.一類形+て+一類形 【第16課】···························16
8.一類形+さ 【第44課】·······························16
鞏固練習(二)···································17
第四節.二類形容詞相關語法······························19
1.～は～です／～は～だ 【第10課，第22課】·····················19
2.～ではありません／～ではない 【第10課，第22課】·················19
3.～でした／～だった 【第10課，第22課】······················19
4.～ではありませんでした／～ではなかった 【第10課，第22課】············20
5.二類形+名 【第10課】································20
6.二類形+動 【第31課】······························· 20
7.二類形+で+二類形 【第16課】····························21
8.二類形+さ 【第44課】································21
鞏固練習(三)···································22
第五節.動詞基本形相關語法·······························24
1.動詞的三種類型····································24
2.自動詞和他動詞 【第18課，第33課】··························25
3.～ことができます 【第20課】····························26
4.～ことです 【第20課】·······························27
5.～前に、～ 【第20課】·······························27
6.～ことがあります 【第31課】····························27
鞏固練習(四)···································28
第六節.動詞ます形相關語法······························30
1.動詞ます形 【第5課】································30
2. 名(場所)へ+動+に行きます／來ます 【第13課】···················31
3.～たいです 【第17課】··················· ············31
4.～ませんか 【第17課】································31
5.～ましょう 【第17課】································32
6.～ましょうか 【第21課】·······························32
7.～ながら 【第27課】·································33
8.～なさい 【第29課】·································33
9.～始めます／出します／続けます／終わります 【第40課】················33
10.～やすいです／にくいです 【第43課】·························34
鞏固練習(五)····································34
第七節.動詞て形相關語法································36
1.動詞て形 【第14課】·································36
2.～てから 【第14課】·································37
3.～てください 【第14課】·······························38
4.～ています 【第15課，第16課，第27課】·······················38
5.～てもいいです 【第15課】······························39
6.～てはいけません 【第15課】····························39
7.～てしまいます 【第33課】·····························39
8.～てあります 【第34課】······························40
9.～ておきます 【第34課】······························40
10.～てみます 【第34課】·······························40
11.～ていきます 【第39課，第45課】·························41
12.～てきます 【第39課，第45課】··························41
13.～てきました 【第45課】······························42
鞏固練習(六)···································42
第八節.動詞ない形相關語法······························44
1.動詞ない形 【第19課】·······························44
2.～ないでください 【第19課】····························45
3.～なければなりません/ないといけません 【第19課】··················45
4.～なくてもいいです 【第19課】···························46
5.～ないで 【第29課，第39課】···························46
鞏固練習(七)··································47
第九節.動詞た形相關·································49
1.動詞た形 【第21課】································49
2.～たことがあります 【第21課】···························50
3.～た後で、～ 【第21課】······························50
4.～たほうがいいです 【第21課】···························50
5.～たり、～たりします 【第23課】··························51
6.～たばかりです 【第40課】·····························51
7.～たまま、～ 【第42課】······························52
鞏固練習(八)··································52
第十節.動詞命令形相關語法·······························54
1.動詞命令形 【第29課】································54
2.～なさい 【第29課】································55
3.～な 【第29課】··································55
4.～て／～ないで 【第29課】···························55
鞏固練習(九)·································56
第十一節.動詞意志形相關語法····························58
1.動詞意志形 【第30課】······························58
2.～ようと思います 【第30課】···························59
3.～ようと思っています 【第30課】·························59
4. ～ようとします 【拓展】·····························59
鞏固練習(十)··································60
第十二節.動詞ば形相關語法·····························62
1.動詞ば形 【第37課】·······························62
2.～と、～ 【第31課】·······························63
3.～たら、～ 【第35課】······························64
4.～なら、～ 【第37課】······························64
5.～と／たら／ばいいです 【拓展】·························65
6.～ば～ほど、～ 【第45課】····························66
鞏固練習(十一)·································66
第十三節.動詞可能形相關語法·····························68
1.動詞可能形 【第38課】·······························68
2.～ように、～ 【第38課】·····························69
3.～ようになります 【第38課】···························69
4.～ようにします 【第38課】····························70
鞏固練習(十二)··································70
第十四節.動詞被動形式相關語法····························72
1.動詞被動形式 【第41課】·······························72
2.名1は名2に動られます 【第41課】·························72
3.名1は名2に名3を動られます 【第41課】······················73
4.名1は名2に動られます 【第41課】·························73
5.名が／は動られます 【第41課】···························74
6.名１は名2によって動られます 【第41課】······················74
鞏固練習(十三)·································74
第十五節.動詞使役形式及使役被動形式相關語法······················76
1.動詞使役形式 【第43課】······························76
2.名1は名2を(自)動させます 【第43課】······················76
3.名1は名2に名3を(他)動させます 【第43課】···················77
4.動詞使役被動形式 【第43課】·····························77
5.名1は名2に動させられます 【第43課】·······················78
6.～させてください 【第43課】····························78
7.～させていただきます 【第48課】··························79
鞏固練習(十四)··································79
第十六節.簡體形相關語法································81
1.小句+かどうか 【第23課】······························81
2.疑問詞小句+か 【第23課】······························81
3.～と思います 【第24課】······························82
4.～は～と言いました 【第24課】···························82
5.～のです／んです 【第24課】····························82
6.～ので／んで、～ 【第30課】····························83
7.～のに、～ 【第42課】·······························83
8.小句(動詞簡體形)+名 【第25課】··························84
9.小句(動詞簡體形)+の 【第26課】··························85
10.小句(動詞簡體形)+のが見えます／聞こえます 【第36課】··············85
11.小句(動詞簡體形)+時 【第27課】··························85
12.～でしょう 【第26課，第27課】··························86
13.～でしょうか 【第31課】······························86
14.～かもしれません 【第26課】···························87
鞏固練習(十五)·································87
第二章 按含義分類語法
第一節.變化與決定··································90
1.～なります 【第18課】······························90
2.～します 【第18課】·······························90
3.～ことになりました 【第32課】··························91
4.～ことにします／ことにしました 【第32課】····················91
5.～ようになります 【第38課】···························91
6.～ようにします 【第38課】····························92
鞏固練習(十六)·································92
第二節.比較與選擇··································94
1.名1は名2より～です 【第12課】··························94
2.名1より名2のほうが～です 【第12課】·······················94
3.名1は名2ほど～ないです 【第12課】························94
4.名1の中で名2がいちばん～です 【第12課】·····················95
5.名1と名2とどちらが～ですか 【第12課】······················95
6.どの名／いつ／どれ／だれ／何が一番～ですか 【第12課】···············95
鞏固練習(十七)··································96
第三節.請求與命令···································98
1.～をください 【第7課】·······························98
2.～てください 【第14課】······························98
3.～ないでください 【第19課】····························98
4.～て／～ないで 【第29課】·····························99
5.～ていただけますか 【第48課】···························99
6.～させていただきます 【第48課】··························99
7.動詞命令形 【第29課】·······························100
8.～なさい 【第29課】································100
9.～な 【第29課】··································100
鞏固練習(十八)·································101
第四節.提議與許可··································103
1.～ませんか 【第17課】·······························103
2.～ましょう 【第17課】·······························103
3.～ましょうか 【第21課】······························103
4.～ほうがいいです 【第18課，第21課】·······················104
5.～なければなりません 【第19課】·························104
6.～てもいいです 【第15課】····························104
7.～なくてもいいです 【第19課】··························105
8.～てはいけません 【第15課】···························105
鞏固練習(十九)································106
第五節.感情與想法·································108
1.名1は名2が～です 【第11課】··························108
2.名1は名2が分かります／できます 【第11課】···················108
3.～がほしいです 【第17課】····························108
4.～たいです 【第17課】······························109
5.動詞意志形 【第30課】······························109
6.～ようと思います 【第30課】···························109
7.～ようと思っています 【第30課】·························110
8.～つもりです 【第32課】·····························110
鞏固練習(二十)·································111
第六節.授受關係···································113
1.人1は人2に物をあげます 【第8課】························113
2.人1は人2に物をもらいます 【第8課】·······················113
3.人1は人2に物をくれます 【第28課】·······················114
4.～てあげます 【第28課】·····························114
5.～てもらいます 【第28課】····························115
6.～てくれます 【第28課】·····························115
鞏固練習(二十一)·······························116
第七節.敬語····································118
1.～(ら)れます 【第47課】···························118
2.お～になります 【第47課】····························118
3.お／ご～ください 【第47課】···························118
4.尊他語特殊形式 【第47課】····························119
5.お／ご～します 【第48課】··························119
6.自謙語特殊形式 【第48課】···························120
7.～ございます／でございます 【第48課】·····················120
鞏固練習(二十二)······························121
第八節.其他常用語法·······························123
1.～とか～とか 【第37課】···························123
2.～し～し 【第45課】·····························123
3.～たり～たり 【第23課】···························124
4.疑問詞+も 【第4課】·····························124
5.疑問詞+でも 【第17課】····························124
6.名+でも 【第35課，第37課】·························125
7.～ても、～ 【第35課】····························125
8.もう 【第8課】································126
9.～過ぎます 【第44課】·····························126
10.～という～ 【第29課】·····························126
11.～味／においがします 【第46課】························127
12.～間 【第46課】································127
13.～そうです 【第32課，第33課】························128
14.～ようです 【第44課，第46課】························129
15.～みたいです 【第44課，第46課】·······················130
16.～らしいです 【第44課，第46課】·······················130
鞏固練習(二十三)·······························131
第三章 按詞類分類語法
第一節.助詞····································134
1.は 【第1課】··································134
2.も 【第3課】··································135
3.が 【第4課】··································135
4.の 【第1課】··································136
5.を 【第7課】··································136
6.に 【第4課】··································137
7.へ 【第6課】··································138
8.と 【第4課】··································138
9.や 【第11課】·································138
10.か 【第1課】·································139
11.で 【第6課】·································139
12.から 【第5課】·································140
13.まで 【第5課】·································140
14.くらい／ぐらい 【第13課】····························141
15.だけ 【第35課】·································141
16.しか 【第35課】·································141
17.ばかり 【第36課】································142
鞏固練習(二十四)································142
第二節.形式名詞···································144
1.の 【第26課】··································144
2.こと 【第20課】·································144
3.ほう 【第12課】·································145
4.つもり 【第32課】································145
5.ため 【第34課】·································145
6.ところ 【第40課】································146
7.まま 【第42課】·································146
8.はず 【第42課】·································147
鞏固練習(二十五)································147
第三節.指示詞····································149
1.これ／それ／あれ／どれ 【第2課】·························149
2.この／その／あの／どの 【第2課】·························149
3.ここ／そこ／あそこ／どこ 【第3課】························149
4.こちら／そちら／あちら／どちら 【第3課】·····················150
5.こんな／そんな／あんな／どんな 【第10課】·····················150
6.こう／そう／ああ／どう 【第14課】························150
鞏固練習(二十六)································151
第四節.疑問詞····································153
1.だれ／どの人／どなた／どの方 【第2課】······················153
2.なん／なに 【第2課】·······························153
3.いくつ 【第2課】·································153
4.いくら 【第3課】·································154
5.いつ 【第5課】··································154
6.どう 【第10課】·································155
7.どうして／なぜ／なんで 【第11課】·························155
8.どれぐらい／どのぐらい 【第13課】························156
鞏固練習(二十七)································156
第五節.接續詞····································158
1.だから 【第11課】································158
2.それで 【第26課】································158
3.それでは 【第30課】·······························159
4.そして 【第10課】································159
5.それに 【第28課】································160
6.それにしても 【第33課】·····························160
7.それから 【第14課】·······························161
8.とにかく 【第36課】·······························161
9.ところで 【第10課】·······························161
10.でも 【第10課】·································162
11.ただし 【第31課】································162
鞏固練習(二十八)································163
第六節.副詞·····································165
1.とても 【第9課】·································165
2.ちょっと 【第9課】································165
3.あまり 【第9課】·································165
4.ぜんぜん 【第9課】································166
5.いつも／よく／ときどき／たまに 【第11課】····················166
6.さっき／たった今 【第8課】····························167
7.まもなく／もうすぐ／さっそく 【第18課】·····················167
8.さらに／もっと 【第18課】····························167
9.なんだか／なんか 【第38課】···························168
10.擬聲詞／擬態詞 【第36課】····························168
鞏固練習(二十九)································168
第四章 全真模擬
全真模擬(一)····································172
全真模擬(二)····································175
全真模擬(三)····································178
全真模擬(四)····································181
答案與解析
鞏固練習答案及解析·································186
全真模擬答案與解析·································219
附錄
附錄一.時間與數量詞一覽·······························232
1.時刻的讀法·····································232
2.日期的讀法·····································232
3.月份的讀法·····································233
4.月數的讀法·····································233
5.數詞的讀法·····································233
6.序數詞的讀法····································234
7. 量詞的搭配····································234
8. 數量詞的讀法···································235
附錄二.初級一類形容詞一覽······························236
附錄三.初級二類形容詞一覽······························238
附錄四.初級動詞一覽·································239
附錄五.初級副詞一覽·································248