語義關係與詞庫(簡體書)
- ISBN13:9787510049989
- 出版社:世界圖書(北京)出版公司
- 作者:M.Lynne Murphy
- 裝訂/頁數:平裝/292頁
- 規格:20.8cm*14.6cm (高/寬)
- 版次:1
- 出版日:2012/08/01
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Taking the broad view and considering non-semantic factors in antonym choice, Murphy and Andrew (1993) and Cruse (1994) point out that while the basic size adjectives are similar in sense, they may still differ in register. For example, big and littLe are about three times more common than large and small in third-grade reading materials (Carroll et al. 1971), while large and small predominate in the Wall Street Journal's prose style. Another factor in linking big/little and large/small might be the assonance within the pairs.
Considering both semantic and non-semantic factors, the preference for large/small over large/little is hardly idiosyncratic or arbitrary. If we posit a basic definition for antonymy, that antonyms must be minimally different, then we can rule out the possibility that large/little would be acceptable antonyms in most contexts. They are just too different. Big/littLe, large/small, and big/small, on the other hand, are just different enough to be antonyms.
Other canonical antonym pairs are similarly predictable. For instance, dead and (a)live have more in common (senses, register, and commonality) than de- ceased/alive. Hot is better contrasted to cold than to cooL because only cold exactly mirrors hot's properties on the scale of temperature. Given the pre- dictability of canonical antonym pairings, one might wonder again whether canonicify is really a property of semantic relations: Are canonical pairs simply the most predictable ones? While the two properties interact, canonicity de- scribes the property of being learned through cultural experience of the pairs, which is quite different from predictability. For example, it might be perfectly predictable (by minimal difference) that bandicootis the opposite of bilby (since they are the only direct hyponyms of Peramelidae), but the opposition is not likely to be canonical for most English speakers since the pair is not frequently used contrastively (and so their relation is not experientially reinforced).
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