Radiation Effects in Semiconductors

Space applications, nuclear physics, military operations, medical imaging, and especially electronics (modern silicon processing) are obvious fields in which radiation damage can have serious consequences, i.e., degradation of MOS devices and circuits. Zeroing in on vital aspects of this broad and complex topic, Radiation Effects in Semiconductors addresses the ever-growing need for a clear understanding of radiation effects on semiconductor devices and circuits to combat potential damage it can cause.
Features a chapter authored by renowned radiation authority Lawrence T. Clark on Radiation Hardened by Design SRAM Strategies for TID and SEE Mitigation

This book analyzes the radiation problem, focusing on the most important aspects required for comprehending the degrading effects observed in semiconductor devices, circuits, and systems when they are irradiated. It explores how radiation interacts with solid materials, providing a detailed analysis of three ways this occurs: Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, and creation of electron-positron pairs. The author explains that the probability of these three effects occurring depends on the energy of the incident photon and the atomic number of the target. The book also discusses the effects that photons can have on matter—in terms of ionization effects and nuclear displacement

Written for post-graduate researchers, semiconductor engineers, and nuclear and space engineers with some electronics background, this carefully constructed reference explains how ionizing radiation is creating damage in semiconducting devices and circuits and systems—and how that damage can be avoided in areas such as military/space missions, nuclear applications, plasma damage, and X-ray-based techniques. It features top-notch international experts in industry and academia who address emerging detector technologies, circuit design techniques, new materials, and innovative system approaches.

Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski is managing R&D chip development activities at Redlen Technologies Inc., a start-up company in British Columbia. His research interests are in VLSI circuits for medical and security applications. From 2004 to 2006 he was an Associate Professor at the Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering Department of University of Alberta where he conducted research on low-power wireless circuits and systems. During his tenure in Edmonton he wrote "Wireless Technologies: Circuits, Systems and Devices" (CRC Press). From 1995 to 2003, he was with PMC-Sierra and held various technical and management positions. Prior to joining PMC-Sierra, from 1990 to 1994 he was an Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto’s Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering. Dr. Iniewski has published more than 100 research papers in international journals and conferences. He holds 18 international patents granted in USA, Canada, France, Germany, and Japan. He received his Ph.D. degree in electronics (honors) from the Warsaw University of Technology (Warsaw, Poland) in 1988.

Section I: Devices
Radiation Damage in Silicon
Radiation-Tolerant CMOS Single-Photon Imagers for Multiradiation Detection, L. Carrara, E. Charbon, C. Niclass, N. Scheidegger, and H. Shea
Effects of Hydrogen on the Radiation Response of Field-Oxide
Field-Effect Transistors and High-K Dielectrics, D.M. Fleetwood, R.D. Schrimpf, and X.J. Zhou
Novel Total Dose and Heavy-Ion Charge Collection Phenomena in a New SiGe HBT on Thin-Film SOI Technology, G. Avenier, M. Bellini, A. Chantre, P. Cheng, P. Chevalier, J.D. Cressler, R.M. Diestelhorst, P.W. Marshall, S.D. Phillips, and M. Turowski
Radiation-Hard Voltage and Current References in Standard CMOS Technologies
Nanocrystal Memories: An Evolutionary Approach to Flash Memory Scaling and a Class of Radiation-Tolerant Devices, C. Gerardi, A. Cester, S. Lombardo, R. Portoghese, and N. Wrachien


Section II: Circuits and Systems
Radiation Hardened by Design SRAM Strategies for TID and SEE Mitigation, L.T. Clark
A Complete Guide to Multiple Upsets in SRAMs Processed in Decananometric CMOS Technologies
Real-Time Soft Error Rate Characterization of Advanced SRAMs, J.-L. Autran, G. Gasiot, D. Munteanu, P. Roche, and S. Sauze
Fault Tolerance Techniques and Reliability Modeling for SRAM-Based FPGAs
Assuring Robust Triple Modular Redundancy Protected Circuits in SRAM-Based FPGAs, M. Caffrey, P. Graham, J. Krone, K. Lundgreen, K. Morgan, B. Pratt, and H. Quinn
SEU/SET Tolerant Phase-Locked Loops, R.L. Shuler, Jr.
Autonomous Detection and Characterization of Radiation-Induced Transients in Semiconductor Integrated Circuits
Soft Errors in Digital Circuits: Overview and Protection Techniques for Digital Filters
Fault-Injection Techniques for Dependability Analysis: An Overview, M. Violante
Index