麻將趣譚

麻將趣譚簡介
麻將之所以「萬人迷」，在於易學易懂、多趣多變、老少咸宜；
麻將之所以「千夫指」，實乃因賭致罪、日夜沉迷、誤人誤事。衡諸
古今休閒活動或博弈游藝，多是「愛與不愛」或「玩與不玩」的單純
戲碼。但是，面對麻將，個人的好惡親疏隨著時代趨勢起伏──先由
清末「賭罪合一」的惡劣形象，漸至民初「愛恨兩極」的社會現象，
目前變成「喜惡並存」的時代趨勢。
麻將，曾長期歷經賭、罪的惡名而銷聲匿跡，不僅正史文獻不登
載、學術研究不青睞，避諱、避嫌、避惡的無形壓力，連文章或書籍
作者都少用真姓名。雖然如此，麻將因其極富饒趣的娛樂性及充滿大
眾化的普及性，促使麻將隨時代的脈動與潮流，不斷尋求存在的出路
與發展。現今，可以明顯瞭解麻將形象的定位，已發展成為「公開性
競技」、「線上型遊戲」及「家庭式娛樂」三足鼎立的特殊景象。
麻將本無罪，因賭而惹非！本書旨在透過文史記載麻將，析論麻
將、趣譚麻將。若想用心品味麻將，千言萬語談麻將，都不如親自上
場，謹寄上衷心的祝福，給所有讀者。

目 錄
第一章 麻將探源趣譚······························································· 1
一、傳聞說法····································································································· 2
 創自「萬秉迢」················································································· 2
 始於「江蘇太倉」············································································· 3
 源于「水滸梁山泊」········································································ 3
 其他昔時軍旅中傳聞········································································ 3
二、另類觀點····································································································· 3
 挪亞方舟中的遊戲············································································· 3
 水滸傳之魔鬼降世············································································· 3
 遠溯「孔子」所發明········································································ 4
 其他 ······································································································· 4
三、有據論述····································································································· 4
 依據《清稗類鈔》············································································· 4
 依據《文苑滑稽談》········································································ 5
 麻將源自馬吊······················································································ 5
 二合一綜合論······················································································ 6
 多元綜合論·························································································· 6
 其他 ······································································································· 8
四、綜合論述····································································································· 8
 麻將始創人物······················································································ 10
 麻將誕生背景······················································································ 10

‧v‧
第二章 始創、演進、溯源·················································· 15
一、麻將始創情景···························································································· 16
二、始創後的演進···························································································· 17
 骰子 ······································································································· 17
 萬字、條子、餅子············································································· 18
 四風 (四喜) 與三箭 (三元)································································ 19
 花牌 ······································································································· 20
三、麻將形制溯源···························································································· 21
 先擲骰子······························································································· 21
 長方形牌······························································································· 22
 麻將牌質······························································································· 22
 四人入局······························································································· 23
 砌牌 ······································································································· 23
 拿 (取) 牌······························································································ 23
 吃、碰、槓、坎················································································· 23
 牌無大小、張張平等········································································ 24
 一套 (或稱一組) 牌············································································ 24
 將、將牌······························································································· 24
第三章 麻將流傳域內······························································· 25
一、麻將風如何流行······················································································· 26
 文史學者觀點······················································································ 26
 稗官野史記載······················································································ 26
 民俗學者著作······················································································ 26
 博史著者論述······················································································ 27
二、滿清末年瘋麻雀······················································································· 27

‧vi‧
 清末官場瘋打麻雀············································································· 27
 民間社會風行麻雀············································································· 33
三、民初麻雀滿天飛······················································································· 43
 官場「麻瘋」醜行············································································· 44
 民間「雀戰」百態············································································· 46
 漫畫「麻將」人生············································································· 51
四、抗戰後「漫畫」麻將·············································································· 55
第四章 麻將流傳中外······························································· 61
一、麻雀何時飛到臺灣··················································································· 62
 隨太平軍流入臺灣社會···································································· 62
 民初由大陸傳入臺灣········································································ 62
 西元一九二Ｏ年代臺灣開始盛行麻將········································· 63
 本書付印前的發現──麻雀十九世紀末傳入臺灣··················· 68
二、麻將流傳海外···························································································· 70
 麻雀飛進日本······················································································ 70
 麻將傳入美國······················································································ 71
 麻將流傳各國······················································································ 72
第五章 麻將名稱趣探······························································· 73
一、最初命名····································································································· 74
 馬將說··································································································· 74
 馬吊骨牌說·························································································· 75
 麻雀說··································································································· 75
二、各種異名····································································································· 76
 麻將的雅稱·························································································· 76

‧vii‧
 麻將的異名·························································································· 79
三、麻將用「打」的嗎？ ·············································································· 79
 國語篇 (大陸稱普通話) ···································································· 79
 臺語篇 (臺灣閩南語)········································································· 80
四、麻將雙名趣探···························································································· 81
「麻將」的命名·················································································· 81
「麻雀」的命名·················································································· 82
「麻將」、「麻雀」名稱的地域··················································· 82
第六章 麻將語彙與應用························································ 85
一、麻將術語與應用······················································································· 86
 和 (胡、湖、壺)·················································································· 86
 搬風 ······································································································· 88
 連莊 ······································································································· 88
 插花 ······································································································· 88
 過水 ······································································································· 88
 滿貫 ······································································································· 89
 暗槓 ······································································································· 89
 單吊 ······································································································· 89
 郎中 ······································································································· 89
 相公 ······································································································· 90
 抬轎 ······································································································· 90
 和(和) 局································································································· 90
 聽牌 ······································································································· 91
 清一色··································································································· 91
 大三元··································································································· 91
 門儿清··································································································· 91

‧viii‧
 三缺一··································································································· 91
 重新洗牌······························································································· 92
 槓上開花······························································································· 92
 海底撈月······························································································· 92
二、麻將俗語····································································································· 92
 麻將形象篇·························································································· 92
 麻將前奏篇·························································································· 93
 麻將過程篇·························································································· 95
 麻將結果篇·························································································· 96
三、麻將衍生語彙···························································································· 97
 雀局 ······································································································· 97
 牌友 ······································································································· 97
 牌風 ······································································································· 97
 碰和 ······································································································· 98
 牌搭子··································································································· 98
 麻將堂··································································································· 98
 麻雀桌··································································································· 98
 雀迷、麻瘋·························································································· 98
第七章 千言萬語譚麻將························································ 99
一、麻將詩········································································································· 100
二、麻將詞········································································································· 102
三、麻將銘········································································································· 103
四、麻將對韻····································································································· 104
五、麻將對聯····································································································· 105
 春節對聯······························································································· 105
 抗日對聯······························································································· 105

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六、麻將打油詩、順口溜·············································································· 106
七、麻將歇後語································································································ 108
八、麻將經········································································································· 109
九、麻將戲謔文································································································ 110
十、麻將歌詞、影劇······················································································· 112
十一、麻將文化································································································ 113
第八章 麻將逸事與趣聞························································ 115
一、清末麻雀逸事···························································································· 116
 慈禧太后好雀戲················································································· 116
 陳魚門的輓聯······················································································ 116
 拒賭會？······························································································· 116
 官場賭博難治······················································································ 117
二、民國麻將趣聞···························································································· 118
 孫中山先生麻將趣聞········································································ 118
 民初軍閥麻將趣聞············································································· 119
 偽滿州國的麻將風············································································· 123
 名人與麻將·························································································· 126
 民間麻將趣聞······················································································ 130
第九章 麻將守則與禁忌························································ 135
一、麻將守則····································································································· 136
二、先練牌品····································································································· 137
三、「忌」與「喜」趣譚·············································································· 138
 麻將禁忌······························································································· 138
 討喜與迎吉·························································································· 141

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參考書目······································································································ 143
本書引用圖片的來源出處························································ 157