Great Doubt ─ Practicing Zen in the World

Learn to face and overcome the pitfalls of Zen practice—self-indulgence, suppression, speculation, asceticism—with this first complete translation of a Zen classic. 

“In Zen practice, the essential point is to arouse doubt. What is this doubt? When you are born, for example, where do you come from? You cannot help but remain in doubt about this. When you die, where do you go? Again, you cannot help but remain in doubt. Since you cannot pierce this barrier of life and death, suddenly doubt will coalesce right before your eyes. Try to put it down, you cannot; try to push it away, you cannot. Eventually you will break through this doubt block and realize what a worthless notion life and death is — ha! As the old worthies said: ‘Great doubt, great awakening; small doubt, small awakening; no doubt, no awakening.’”
– Boshan

There are many ways in which we may delude ourselves in practice. Doubt, Boshan argues, can be a powerful tool that rouses us from the complacency that comes with intellectual musing, ascetic striving, emotional suppression and quiet meditation.

Great Doubt presents for the first time complete translations of Boshan's key works on working with doubt: “Exhortations for Those Who Don't Arouse Doubt” and “Exhortations for Those Who Do Arouse Doubt.”

This little book contains the most powerful medicine for the diseases that plague spiritual practice.

Boshan (1575-1630) was one of the leading Chinese masters of the Ming dynasty. Boshan, or Mount Bo, is the name of the mountain where he was active; like many masters, he became known as such. He is also known as Wuyi Yuanli and Dayi.

Boshan hailed from Shucheng in present-day Anhui Province, west of Nanjing. He left home in his mid-teens, took up Buddhist study and practice, including five years of sustained meditative discipline, and received full ordination. Later he practiced under the Caodong (Japanese: Soto) master Wuming Huijing (1548-1618), a severe teacher who persistently rejected Boshan’s intial insights. One day, while sitting intently in meditation on a rock, Boshan had a sudden realization when he heard a statue nearby fall with a crash. The following year he was greatly awakened when watching a person climb a tree. He was in his late-twenties at the time. Boshan received the Bodhisattva precepts before teaching at several monasteries, finally settling at Mount Bo in present-day Jiangxi Province, south of Anhui. He was one of Wuming Huijing’s four Dharma heirs, and he himself left behind several Dharma heirs and lay disciples. He passed away in 1630.

Jeff Shore (1953) was born in Philadelphia, USA. After 10 years studying and practicing in the United States, he went to Japan in 1981. He first spent a year living with Mumon Yamada, Head Abbot of Myoshinji monastery in Kyoto, and got his toes wet training at the monastery of Shofukuji in Kobe. In 1982 he began practice under Zenkei Shibayama‘s successor: Keido Fukushima, then Zen master and later Head Abbot of the major Rinzai complex of Tofukuji in Kyoto. He spent the next 25 years in rigorous Zen training there, completed the training, and became Fukushima Roshi’s lay successor. Jeff’s focus is directly pointing out the very core of Zen and the heart of living Buddhism. Jeff is also professor of Zen in the Modern World at Hanazono University in Kyoto, the sole Rinzai-affiliated university in the world, where he has taught since 1987. He is a husband and a father. He lives in Kyoto where he also has a small place – the Rokoan hermitage – open for those who want to deepen their practice. For further detail on Jeff’s life, see his autobiographical essay.