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寫實風格（verismo，意為真實）作為歌劇的一個狹義術語，是特指十九世紀末在義大利蔚為風尚的歌劇作品。說到此，任誰都會馬上想到馬斯卡尼的《鄉村騎士》及萊翁卡瓦洛的《丑角》，它們已然成為寫實歌劇的代名詞。喬達諾的《安德萊‧謝尼埃》，則是緊跟而來的另一部傑出代表作。 正當整個歌劇界都因這「寫實激情」而迷醉痴狂時，威爾第只淡淡地說了一句：「這麼真實的模仿，像照相，不是繪畫，不是藝術。」終於在一個人身

Focusing on Verdi's French operas, Giger shows how the composer acquired an ever better understanding of the various approaches to French versification while gradually bringing his works in line with French melodic aesthetic. In his first French opera, Jérusalem, Verdi treated the text in an overly cautious manner, trying to avoid prosodic mistakes; in Les Vêpres siciliennes he began to apply more freedom, scanning the verses against some prosodic accents to convey the lightheartedness of a melody; and in Don Carlos he finally drew on the entire palette of prosodic interpretations. Most of Verdi's melodic accomplishments in the French operas carried over into the subsequent Italian ones, setting the stage for what later would be called operatic verismo. Drawing attention to the significance of the libretto for the development of nineteenth-century French and Italian opera, this text illustrates Verdi's gradual mastery of the challenges he faced, and their historical significance.