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本書系統地介紹了導彈火工品及其安全性的相關知識。內容包括導彈火工品的概念、用途和分類、火工品藥劑、典型導彈火工品、新型火工品技術、火工品固有安全性、火工品儲存與轉運安全、火工品操作安全等。為方便讀者查閱專業詞匯，書末還提供了導彈火工品常用詞匯對照表及火工品安全國家軍用標準列表。
作者簡介
張旭，1965年10月，籍貫山東煙臺，碩士研究生，副教授，長期從事火工品教學研究工作，獲軍隊科技進步二等獎3項，三等獎3項，發表研究論文30餘篇，出版著作2部，獲實用新型專利和發明專利多項。
序
前 言
導彈技術是當今世界上高度複雜、高速發展的科學技術之一，它所取得的
每項成就都是人類智慧的結晶。火工品是導彈武器系統的重要組成部分，是裝
有火炸藥的小型爆炸元件或裝置，能在外界不大的某種形式能量（機械能、熱
能或電能）激發下，發生燃燒或爆炸，獲得某種化學效應或機械效應，如點燃
火藥、起爆炸藥或作為某種特定的動力能源等。導彈火工品均裝有含能材料，
因具有敏感程度高、輸出能量大及作用迅速等突出特點，其安全性受到高度關
注。導彈火工品安全性既取決於自身固有特性，又與儲存、運輸、維護及使用
等外部因素密切相關。導彈火工品及其安全性對導彈武器性能發揮有至關重要
的影響和作用。
編寫本書的目的主要是滿足導彈專業本科生對導彈火工品及其安全性基本概
念和理論知識的學習需求，同時又不至於過分專業化，以便非導彈專業學員宏觀
瞭解導彈火工品相關知識，為學習導彈系統專業知識打下基礎。因此，本書在內
容上既力求知識體系的完整性，又儘量反映當代導彈火工品的新技術、新概念和
發展趨勢，在內容上則力求深入淺出、圖文並茂。
本書比較全面地介紹了導彈火工品及其安全性相關知識、現狀和發展趨
勢。全書分為6 章：第1 章緒論，介紹導彈火工品概念、用途、分類、特點
及主要戰術技術要求；第2 章火工品藥劑，主要介紹起爆藥、猛炸藥、點火
藥及延期藥的種類和特性；第3 章典型導彈火工品，主要介紹點火類火工品、
起爆類火工品、做功類火工品及索類火工品的結構組成、工作原理及性能特
點；第4 章新型火工品技術，主要介紹半導體橋起爆點火技術、直列式起爆
點火技術、激光起爆點火技術及MEMS 火工品技術；第5 章火工品固有安全
性，主要從藥劑安全、安全設計及供電安全等方面對火工品安全性進行分析；
第6 章火工品勤務處理安全，主要介紹儲存、轉運及操作過程對火工品安全
性的影響。書末還給出了中英導彈火工品常用詞匯對照表，以及火工品安全
國家軍用標準列表。
本書是集體創作的成果。第1～第3 章由張旭編寫，第4 章由葉文編寫，
IV
第5 章由呂曉峰、邱立軍編寫，第6 章由邱立軍、趙曦編寫，附錄由趙曦、張
旭編寫。
本書在編寫過程中，參考了許多國內外文獻資料和高等院校有關教材，在此
對原作者表示衷心的感謝。導彈火工品及其安全性涉及的基礎理論相當廣泛，導
彈火工品技術發展日新月異，限於編者的水平，本書在編寫時，雖力求全面、系
統，仍難免存在錯誤和不當之處，懇請各位讀者提出寶貴意見。
導彈技術是當今世界上高度複雜、高速發展的科學技術之一，它所取得的
每項成就都是人類智慧的結晶。火工品是導彈武器系統的重要組成部分，是裝
有火炸藥的小型爆炸元件或裝置，能在外界不大的某種形式能量（機械能、熱
能或電能）激發下，發生燃燒或爆炸，獲得某種化學效應或機械效應，如點燃
火藥、起爆炸藥或作為某種特定的動力能源等。導彈火工品均裝有含能材料，
因具有敏感程度高、輸出能量大及作用迅速等突出特點，其安全性受到高度關
注。導彈火工品安全性既取決於自身固有特性，又與儲存、運輸、維護及使用
等外部因素密切相關。導彈火工品及其安全性對導彈武器性能發揮有至關重要
的影響和作用。
編寫本書的目的主要是滿足導彈專業本科生對導彈火工品及其安全性基本概
念和理論知識的學習需求，同時又不至於過分專業化，以便非導彈專業學員宏觀
瞭解導彈火工品相關知識，為學習導彈系統專業知識打下基礎。因此，本書在內
容上既力求知識體系的完整性，又儘量反映當代導彈火工品的新技術、新概念和
發展趨勢，在內容上則力求深入淺出、圖文並茂。
本書比較全面地介紹了導彈火工品及其安全性相關知識、現狀和發展趨
勢。全書分為6 章：第1 章緒論，介紹導彈火工品概念、用途、分類、特點
及主要戰術技術要求；第2 章火工品藥劑，主要介紹起爆藥、猛炸藥、點火
藥及延期藥的種類和特性；第3 章典型導彈火工品，主要介紹點火類火工品、
起爆類火工品、做功類火工品及索類火工品的結構組成、工作原理及性能特
點；第4 章新型火工品技術，主要介紹半導體橋起爆點火技術、直列式起爆
點火技術、激光起爆點火技術及MEMS 火工品技術；第5 章火工品固有安全
性，主要從藥劑安全、安全設計及供電安全等方面對火工品安全性進行分析；
第6 章火工品勤務處理安全，主要介紹儲存、轉運及操作過程對火工品安全
性的影響。書末還給出了中英導彈火工品常用詞匯對照表，以及火工品安全
國家軍用標準列表。
本書是集體創作的成果。第1～第3 章由張旭編寫，第4 章由葉文編寫，
IV
第5 章由呂曉峰、邱立軍編寫，第6 章由邱立軍、趙曦編寫，附錄由趙曦、張
旭編寫。
本書在編寫過程中，參考了許多國內外文獻資料和高等院校有關教材，在此
對原作者表示衷心的感謝。導彈火工品及其安全性涉及的基礎理論相當廣泛，導
彈火工品技術發展日新月異，限於編者的水平，本書在編寫時，雖力求全面、系
統，仍難免存在錯誤和不當之處，懇請各位讀者提出寶貴意見。
目次
第1 章 緒論 ··············································································································· 1
1.1 導彈概述 ······································································································ 1
1.2 火工品概念 ·································································································· 4
1.3 導彈火工品用途 ·························································································· 5
1.3.1 點火作用 ··························································································· 7
1.3.2 起爆作用 ························································································· 11
1.3.3 做功作用 ························································································· 15
1.4 導彈火工品分類 ························································································ 16
1.5 導彈火工品特點 ························································································ 18
1.6 導彈火工品戰術技術要求········································································· 19
本章小結 ············································································································ 21
思考題 ················································································································ 21
第2 章 火工品藥劑 ································································································· 22
2.1 起爆藥 ········································································································ 22
2.1.1 起爆藥特性 ····················································································· 22
2.1.2 幾種常用起爆藥 ············································································· 28
2.1.3 對起爆藥的要求 ············································································· 40
2.2 猛炸藥 ········································································································ 41
2.2.1 太安 ································································································· 41
2.2.2 黑索金 ····························································································· 43
2.2.3 奧克托金 ························································································· 45
2.2.4 特屈兒 ····························································································· 47
2.3 點火藥 ········································································································ 49
2.4 延期藥 ········································································································ 53
本章小結 ············································································································ 56
思考題 ················································································································ 56
第3 章 典型導彈火工品 ························································································· 57
3.1 點火類火工品 ···························································································· 57
3.1.1 煙火劑點火器 ················································································· 58
3.1.2 點火發動機 ····················································································· 62
3.1.3 隔板點火器 ····················································································· 63
3.2 起爆類火工品 ···························································································· 64
3.2.1 雷管 ································································································· 64
3.2.2 導爆藥柱 ························································································· 87
3.2.3 傳爆管 ····························································································· 90
3.3 做功類火工品 ···························································································· 94
3.3.1 燃氣發生器 ····················································································· 94
3.3.2 電爆管 ····························································································· 97
3.3.3
1.1 導彈概述 ······································································································ 1
1.2 火工品概念 ·································································································· 4
1.3 導彈火工品用途 ·························································································· 5
1.3.1 點火作用 ··························································································· 7
1.3.2 起爆作用 ························································································· 11
1.3.3 做功作用 ························································································· 15
1.4 導彈火工品分類 ························································································ 16
1.5 導彈火工品特點 ························································································ 18
1.6 導彈火工品戰術技術要求········································································· 19
本章小結 ············································································································ 21
思考題 ················································································································ 21
第2 章 火工品藥劑 ································································································· 22
2.1 起爆藥 ········································································································ 22
2.1.1 起爆藥特性 ····················································································· 22
2.1.2 幾種常用起爆藥 ············································································· 28
2.1.3 對起爆藥的要求 ············································································· 40
2.2 猛炸藥 ········································································································ 41
2.2.1 太安 ································································································· 41
2.2.2 黑索金 ····························································································· 43
2.2.3 奧克托金 ························································································· 45
2.2.4 特屈兒 ····························································································· 47
2.3 點火藥 ········································································································ 49
2.4 延期藥 ········································································································ 53
本章小結 ············································································································ 56
思考題 ················································································································ 56
第3 章 典型導彈火工品 ························································································· 57
3.1 點火類火工品 ···························································································· 57
3.1.1 煙火劑點火器 ················································································· 58
3.1.2 點火發動機 ····················································································· 62
3.1.3 隔板點火器 ····················································································· 63
3.2 起爆類火工品 ···························································································· 64
3.2.1 雷管 ································································································· 64
3.2.2 導爆藥柱 ························································································· 87
3.2.3 傳爆管 ····························································································· 90
3.3 做功類火工品 ···························································································· 94
3.3.1 燃氣發生器 ····················································································· 94
3.3.2 電爆管 ····························································································· 97
3.3.3
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