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商代甲骨中英讀本(漢英對照)(簡體書)
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商代甲骨中英讀本(漢英對照)(簡體書)

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從商代甲骨文算起,漢字已經被連續使用3500年之久,是人類歷史上使用時間較長的文字。然而相對於其它的起源文字,鑒於漢字在人類歷史上的特殊地位及在國際範圍推廣漢字認知教學的重要,甲骨文認讀的這一塊空白在國內外都有待填補。由於缺乏認讀甲骨文字的合適英語課本,所以本書採用手寫教材,借鑒讀片子的教學方式。基於此編寫而成。此書可作為以英語教授甲骨文字的課本,也適於自學甲骨文之用。附有凡例以及相關甲骨圖片等,有助於更多國內外更多人藉由對甲骨文字的認知而對中國上古文明產生興趣。

作者簡介

陳光宇,1946年生。美國新澤西州州立羅格斯大學東亞學系教授,羅格斯大學孔子學院董事。在羅格斯大學東亞系從事甲骨文教學及漢語起源研究。師從甲骨文學家金祥恒。發表《兒氏家譜刻辭之“子”與花東卜辭之“子”》(載《紀念王懿榮發現甲骨文110 周年國際學術研討會論文集》,2009)、《世界四種古文字的起源時空與文字構造》(《古文字研究》,2008)、《商代多伯多臣與肉食者》(載《花園莊東地甲骨論叢》,2006)等多篇專論。

宋鎮豪,1949年生,歷史學家。中國社會科學院研究員,中國社會科學院學部委員。享受國務院頒發的政府特殊津貼,中國社會科學院有突出貢獻專家。第十一屆全國政協委員。中國殷商文化學會副會長兼秘書長,中國先秦史學會副會長,中國社會科學院學部委員。主要學術專長是甲骨學及先秦史研究。

名人/編輯推薦

國內外一般讀者對甲骨文了解不多,特別是西方世界的認知遠不及對埃及文、蘇美文或瑪雅文字來的普及。有關甲骨文的英文或其他外文著作,特別是普及性的書籍寥寥無幾;即使是專門研究的英語書籍也屈指可數。本書出版正是填補這一空白。本書為國內甲骨文雙語釋讀專業讀本,系中美兩國甲骨文研究領域專家合作完成的研究著作。此前,未有類似的甲骨文著作在國內外研究領域出現。 

前 言 
殷墟甲骨文發現於 1899 年,至今已有一個多世紀。它的發現證實了商代的存在,使商代的歷史變得更加真切和清晰。據目前所得考古資料,甲骨文是中國漢字的早源頭。甲骨文與兩河流域的蘇美爾楔形文字(Sumerian Cuneiform System),尼羅河流域的埃及聖書體文字(Egyptian Hieroglyphic System)及中美洲的奧梅克—瑪雅文字(Olmec-Maya Hieroglyphic System)並列爲人類史上出現過的四個獨立起源文字系統。這四種獨立起源文字(或稱自源文字),都是形、音、義並存的形符文字(或稱表意文字)(logographic writing)。蘇美爾與埃及文字是拼音文字之先河,漢字則是東亞文明的奠基石。除了漢字外,其他三種古文字早已成爲死文字。漢字是當今存世的起源文字。
在人類歷史上,漢字是使用者人數多的文字,也是世界上邁進 21 世紀計算機時代的形符文字。從商代甲骨文算起,漢字已經被連續使用 3500 年之久,是人類歷史上使用時間長的文字。然而相對於其他的起源文字,國內外一般讀者對甲骨文了解不多,特別是西方世界的認知遠不及對埃及文、蘇美爾文或瑪雅文字來得普及。筆者在歐美書店可見到許多介紹埃及、蘇美爾、瑪雅文字的書籍,但是有關甲骨文的英文或其他外文著作,特別是普及性的書籍寥寥無幾;即使是專門研究的英語書籍也屈指可數,例如吉德煒(David N. Keightley) 的 Sources of Shang History(1978,1985)、The Ancestral Landscape (2000)、Working for His Majesty(2012) 及 高 嶋 謙 一(Ken-ichi Takashima) 的 Studies of Fascicle Three of Inscriptions from the Yin Ruins(2010)。鑒於漢字在人類歷史上的特殊地位及在國際範圍推廣漢字認知教學的重要,甲骨文認讀的這一塊空白在國內外都有待填補。 
筆者在臺灣大學時曾從金祥恒師習甲骨文,在耶魯讀研究所時,有幸得從張光直、饒宗頤兩位先生請益切磋古史。近數年承塗經詒教授相邀得以在新澤西州立羅格斯大學東亞系開課以英語教授甲骨文及漢字起源。除了識讀甲骨文外,也涉及四種獨立起源文字的比較。由於缺乏認讀甲骨文字的合適英語課本,所以採用自己編的手寫教材,教學方式采取當年金先生的方法:讀片子。本書即基於這些教材編寫而成。此書可作爲以英語教授甲骨文字的課本,也適於自學甲骨文之用。希望更多國內外人士藉由對甲骨文字的認知而對中國上古文明産生興趣。 
本書編寫過程中,筆者的學生安馬修(Matthew Anderson)將卜辭以甲骨文字體在計算機顯示,並整理字匯表,及英文的轉録、翻譯。郅曉娜博士負責甲骨片的摹寫。本書的編寫,承吉林大學林澐教授屢次撥冗解疑。羅格斯大學詹富國(Dietrich Tschanz)教授閲讀英文稿。中國社會科學院歷史所先秦史研究室宋鎮豪教授提供寶貴意見,劉源博士仔細審閲全部中文稿,並全程參與編纂工作。在此表示衷心謝意。書中錯誤,在所難免,希望讀者不吝指教。後要感謝內人劉貽章教授的支持與鼓勵。 
陳光宇 

Foreword 
The discovery of inscribed oracle bones and shells in 1899 and subsequent identification of Yīnxū, the ruins of the last Shāng Capital located near ānyáng, Hénán, proved to be a watershed for Early China studies, as these inscriptions represent the most archaic form of Chinese writing (more precisely hànzì 漢字)and the earliest documentary source in China. Almost all of these documents belong to the royal house of late Shāng Dynasty(~1300 to 1100 bce).These documents survived for so long because they were engraved on animal bones(mostly bovine scapula)and turtle shells(plastron or carapace), hence the name ‘oracle bone inscriptions’(OBI)or, in Chinese, jiǎgǔwén(甲骨文), literally ‘shell bone writing’. The inscriptions engraved on undreds of thousands of bones and shells provide the most precious source for studying early Chinese history. It was based on OBI that Wáng Guówéi(王國維), one of the most eminent Chinese scholars of the early 20th century, was able to identify names of Shāng kings and ascertain the historicity of the figures previously thought to be legendary. By doing so, Wáng confirmed the authenticity of the Shāng history as written by Sīmǎ Qiān(145—86 bce)in the Shǐjì(《史記》 , The Records of Grand Historian). 
Oracle bone inscription(OBI), the earliest from of Chinese, together with Egyptian, Mayan, and Sumerian constitute the four writing systems independently invented in human history. All four primary writings are logographic in nature. Among them, only Chinese writing system survives and remains logographic. The study of OBI not only plays a pivotal role in connecting the archeological data to the transmitted textual tradition in China, it is also of great import to the comparative study of origin of writing systems and civilizations. Despite this, OBI has not garnered the attention and popularity in the western world that Egyptian hieroglyphs, Sumerian cuneiform, and Mayan glyph have long enjoyed. In fact, there are only a very few scholarly books in English that focus on OBI(e.g. Sources of Shāng History, 1978, 1985; The Ancestral Landscape, 2000; Working for His Majesty, 2012; written by David Keightley, University of California, Berkeley, and Studies of Fascicle Three of Inscriptions from the Yin Ruins, 2010, by Ken-ichi Takashima, University of British Columbia)and there are virtually no books for the general public in the West to learn about OBI. This can be contrasted with the tens or even hundreds of books on Mayan and Egyptian hieroglyphs and civilizations found on online book selling sites such as Amazon.com. 
The author has had the fortune to learn OBI in college and in graduate school from several leading Shāng scholars, including the late Professors Jīn Xiánghéng(金祥恒 , National Taiwan University), Chang Kwang-chi(張 光 直 , Zhāng Guāngzhí, Yale University)and Professor JaoTsung-I(饒宗頤 , Ráo Zōngyí, Yale University). The author has offered a course on OBI (Chinese 165:424, Origin and Development of Chinese Writing)in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures at Rutgers University, New Jersey for many years. The course material forms the basis of this book. The main body of this book is a collection of 120 pieces of rubbings (tàběn 拓本), mainly from the corpus of Jiǎgǔwén Héjí(《甲骨文合集》), that contain inscriptions covering a wide array of topics including weather, astronomy, kingship, sacrificial ceremonies, rituals, agriculture, hunting, military campaigns and politics. Each rubbing is accompanied by a clear tracing(móběn 摹本), which will be helpful in case the graphs on rubbing are not clearly legible. The direct graph-to-graph transcription, both in digital OBI font and in archaic Chinese script(or lìdìng 隸定) , will help the reader to become familiar with the sequence and direction of reading OBI on the rubbings. Transliteration from OBI graph to English is also provided; so that, by comparing this transliteration with the English translation the reader can appreciate the grammar and sentence structure of archaic Chinese. Finally, translation and annotations are provided in Chinese and in English. 
The book is intended to benefit both scholars and lay public who are interested in East Asian civilizations in general and Early China in particular. Readers can use this book to get acquainted with the writing of OBI graphs, just like students learn Mayan or Egyptian hieroglyphs from reading original scripts. In light of the lack of books in English for the study of OBI, it is hoped that this book will fill the need for an accessible introduction to the subject. 
During the preparation of this book, I have greatly benefited by discussions with Professors Lín Yún, Jílín University, and Sòng Zhènháo, Institute of History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. I am grateful to Dr. Liú Yuán, who has read the Chinese portion of the manuscript, and to Professor Dietrich Tschanz, Rutgers University, who has read and commented on the English part of the manuscript. Both Sòng Zhènháo and Liú Yuán have participated the project from its inception. Dr. Matthew Anderson, a student in my 2006 OBI class, helped with the transcription (OBI font, Chinese and English)and did most of the English translation of the inscriptions. Dr. Zhì Xiǎonà, a student of Professor Sòng, did the tracing work. Without their help, the book could not have been accomplished. It goes without saying that I am solely responsible for any remaining mistakes, big or small. Finally I wish to thank my wife, Alice Liu, for her continuous support and understanding. 
Kuang Yu Chen

目次

前言 Foreword ...... 001 
凡例 Explanatory Notes ...... 001 

甲骨片名 Title 出處*(Source) 
1 《月一正》 Gānzhī Cycle 24440 ...... 001 
2 《受黍年》 The Millet Harvest 09950 ...... 006 
3 《十五犬》 Fifteen Dogs 29537 ...... 014 
4 《今一月雨》 Rain in the First Month 12487 ...... 018 
5 《自東來雨》 Rain from the East 12870 ...... 024 
6 《旦至食日》 From Daybreak to Morning T624 ...... 027 
7 《三嗇雲》 Tricolored Clouds 13399 ...... 031 
8 《有大雨》 Heavy Rain 30048 ...... 035 
9 《遘大風》 Encounter Gusty Wind 30238 ...... 038 
10 《大驟風》 Strong Gale 00137 ...... 041 
11 《出虹》 Rainbow Appears 10406 ...... 045 
12 《辛大啟》 Xīn Day Brightened Up 30190 ...... 049 
13 《晹日》 Changing Date 13271 ...... 053 
14 《東方曰析》 East is Called Xī 14294 ...... 056 
15 《禘於北方》 Performing Dì- Ritual to Northern Fāng 14295 ...... 061 
16 《燎於東母》 Burnt Offering to the East Mother 14340 ...... 066 
17 《新大星》 New Big Star 11503 ...... 070 
18 《鳥星》 Bird Star 11497 ...... 074 
19 《日月有食》 Eclipse of Sun and Moon 33694 ...... 079 
20 《旬亡禍》 Xún No Disaster 11482 ...... 084 
21 《月有食》 Moon was Eclipsed 11485 ...... 088 
22 《夕風》 Night Wind 13338 ...... 091 
23 《立中無風》 Flag Shows No Wind 07369 ...... 096 
24 《寧風》 Pacifying Wind 34138 ...... 099
25 《壱 品》 Wine Libation and Bundle Ceremony 32384 ...... 102 
26 《十示率 》 Ten Shì with Rams 32385 ...... 106 
27 《自上甲至於多毓》 From Shàng Ji. to Duō Hòu 37836 ...... 110 
28 《十示又三》 Ten and Three Shì 34117 ...... 115 
29 《甲戌翌上甲》 Yì-Ritual for Shàng Ji. on ji.xū 35406 ...... 118 
30 《大乙奭妣丙》 King Dà Y. with Queen B. B.ng 36194 ...... 121 
31 《又歲於兄己》 Ceremonial Yòu Suì for Brother J. 27615 ...... 124 
32 《王亥上甲即於河》 Arrived at Temple of Hé 34294 ...... 127 
33 《燎於河王亥上甲》 Liáo for Hé, Wáng Hài, and Shàng Ji. 01182 ...... 130 
34 《侑於唐》 Yòu-Ritual for Táng 01273 ...... 133 
35 《燎於夒》 Liáo-Ritual for Náo 14369 ...... 136 
36 《高祖夒》 High Ancestor Náo 30398 ...... 140 
37 《燎於蔑》 Liáo-Ritual for Miè 14804 ...... 143 
38 《侑於王恒》 Yòu-Ritual for Wáng Héng 14762 ...... 145 
39 《燎土豕》 Liáo-Ritual for T. with Pig 34185 ...... 147 
40 《侑於黃尹》 Yòu-Ritual for Huáng Y.n 00563 ...... 150 
41 《侑於伊尹》 Yòu-Ritual for Yī Y.n 34192 ...... 153 
42 《射 以羌》 Shè Téng Takes Qiāng 32023 ...... 156 
43 《沉三羊》 Sinking Three Sheep 05522 ...... 161 
44 《武乙宗祊》 Bēng at W. Y. Temple 36076 ...... 164 
45 《侑父丁》 Yòu Father Dīng 32054 ...... 167 
46 《翌日劦日燧日》 Three Rì Rituals 32714 ...... 170 
47 《自上甲縁》 J. from King Shàng Ji. 32212 ...... 173 
48 《侑出日侑入日》 Yòu-Ritual for Sun ZX543 ...... 178 
49 《於妣庚禦婦好》 Exorcise Lady Hǎo Against Bǐ Gēng 02617 ...... 182 
50 《箙旋禦》 Exorcise Fú Xuán 00301 ...... 185 
51 《瀦羌》 Shí Qiāng 00466 ...... 188 
52 《高祖王亥》 High Ancestor Wáng Hài 32083 ...... 191 
53 《祭 》 Jì Cái Xié Rituals 41704 ...... 195 
54 《工典其幼》 Ceremonial Codex Presentation 35756 ...... 201 
55 《侵我西鄙田》 Raid My West Border Field 06057 ...... 206 
56 《王比望乘伐下危》 King Forms Alliance with Wàng Chéng 00032 ...... 214 
57 《下上弗若》 Earth and Heaven Not Agreeable 06316 ...... 221
58 《王征盂方伯炎》 Expedition Against Marquis Yán of Yúfāng 36509 ...... 224 
59 《在齊次》 Stationed at Qí 36493 ...... 228 
60 《王來征人方》 The King Came to Attack Rénfāng 36484 ...... 231 
61 《王往伐》 The King Went to Attack Gōngfāng 06209 ...... 235 
62 《呼視方》 Reconnaissance about Gōngfāng 06167 ...... 240 
63 《共人五千》 Supply Five Thousand Men 06409 ...... 244 
64 《沚 稱冊》 Zh. Guó Presented Codex 06401 ...... 247 
65 《王循伐土方》 Shock and Awe Against Tǔfāng 06399 ...... 251 
66 《王作三師右中左》 The King Established Three Divisions 33006 ...... 254 
67 《令王族追召方》 Command Royal Clan to Chase Zhàofāng 33017 ...... 257 
68 《三族》 Three Clans 32815 ...... 261 
69 《今夕師無震》 No Commotion This Evening 34720 ...... 264 
70 《雉王眾》 Display Royal Troop 26879 ...... 267 
71 《在澅犬中告麋》 Officer Zhōng Reported Elk 27902 ...... 272 
72 《田於雞》 Hunting at Jī 37471 ...... 276 
73 《之日狩》 A Day of Hunting 10198 ...... 279 
74 《往來亡災》 Safe Hunting Trip 37379 ...... 284 
75 《獲象》 Elephant Captured 10222 ...... 288 
76 《獲鹿六》 Six Deer Captured 37408 ...... 291 
77 《逐兕》 Chased Rhinoceros 10398 ...... 295 
78 《擒七兕》 Seven Rhinos Captured 33374 ...... 298 
79 《子央亦墜》 Zǐ Yāng Fell 10405 ...... 301 
80 《王往狩》 King Went Hunting 10939 ...... 307 
81 《獲杓八》 Eight Peacock Captured 09572 ...... 311 
82 《遘大雨》 Encountered Heavy Rain 37646 ...... 314 
83 《獲大嵐虎》 Big Tiger Captured 37848 ...... 317 
84 《省牛於敦》 Inspecting Cattle at Dūn 11171 ...... 321 
85 《往延魚》 Continuing Fishing 12921 ...... 326 
86 《獲魚三萬》 Thirty Thousands Fish Captured 10471 ...... 330 
87 《逐岼麋》 Chase Deer of Shuǐ 28789 ...... 332 
88 《東土受年》 East Land Received Harvest 36975 ...... 335 
89 《我受黍年》 We Received Millet Harvest 10094 ...... 339 
90 《岳河夒》 Yuè Hé Náo 10076 ...... 342
91 《寧秋於.》 Calming Locust at Deity Sǔn 32028 ...... 344 
92 《弗其足年》 Not Having Abundant Harvest 10139 ...... 348 
93 《王令多尹繽田》 King Orders Opening Land 33209 ...... 352 
94 《 田》 Plowing Jointly 00001 ...... 356 
95 《省黍》 Crop Inspection 09612 ...... 359 
96 《求生於妣庚妣丙》 Pray for Childbearing 34081 ...... 362 
97 《婦好娩》 Fù Hǎo Gave Birth 14002 ...... 365 
98 《疾齒》 Toothache 13648 ...... 369 
99 《疾鼻》 Nose Pain 11506 ...... 372 
100 《方其蕩於東》 Fāng Swayed from the East 20619 ...... 375 
101 《王 》 King’s Inspectional Campaign 36537 ...... 378 
102 《王作邑》 King Established Settlement 14200 ...... 383 
103 《帝咎茲邑》 Dì Damaged This Settlement 14211 ...... 386 
104 《帝終茲邑》 Dì Terminated This Settlement 14210 ...... 389 
105 《益寺衷》 Adding Lù Q. 05458 ...... 393 
106 《旨載王事》 Zhǐ Managed Royal Affairs 05478 ...... 396 
107 《西使旨》 West Minister Zhǐ 05637 ...... 399 
108 《璞周》 Mining the Ore 06812 ...... 403 
109 《王省》 Royal Inspection 36361 ...... 407 
110 《王其省喪田》 Inspect the Sàng Field 28971 ...... 410 
111 《今日步於樂》 Today Perambulate at Lè 36501 ...... 414 
112 《其有來聞》 Coming News 01075 ...... 418 
113 《惟美奏》 Music Performance 31022 ...... 422 
114 《王入於商》 The King Enters the Shāng 07780 ...... 426 
115 《祊西饗》 Banquet at West Temple-Gate 23340 ...... 431 
116 《唯丁自征卲》 The Dīng Personally Attack Shào H3 449 ...... 435 
117 《歲祖甲》 Suì Ancestor Zǔ Jiǎ H3 007 ...... 438 
118 《其宜羊》 Sheep for the Yí-Ritual H3 421 ...... 441 
119 《王其逐》 The King Chased H11:113 ...... 444 
120 《寧鳳於四方》 To Calm Wind at Four Corners* ...... 446 

附録 一 字彙表 Appendix 1 Vocabulary List ...... 449 
附録二 參考書目 Appendix 2 References and Bibliography ...... 468 
附録三 幹支次序表、幹支表 Appendix 3 Gānzhī Table(Table of Sixty Day Cycle) ...... 470 
附録四 卜辭所見商王世系與文獻 
所見商王世系 Appendix 4 Shāng King List ...... 471 
附録五 周祭表 Appendix 5 Five-Ritual Cycle ...... 473 
附録六 甲骨文簡介 Appendix 6 Brief Introduction to Oracle Bone Inscriptions ...... 474 
附録七 世界四種起源文字簡介 Appendix 7 Brief Introduction to Four Original Writings ...... 480

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海外無庫存之書籍,平均作業時間約60個工作天,然不保證確定可調到貨,尚請見諒。

為了保護您的權益,「三民網路書店」提供會員七日商品鑑賞期(收到商品為起始日)。

若要辦理退貨,請在商品鑑賞期內寄回,且商品必須是全新狀態與完整包裝(商品、附件、發票、隨貨贈品等)否則恕不接受退貨。

優惠價:87 1462
無庫存,下單後進貨
(採購期約45個工作天)

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